A new study by the University of Bath has found that the low-emission zone (LEZ) and ultra-low emission zone (ULEZ) implemented in Greater London has improved public health and the economy.
Published in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, the research, looked at over a decades worth of data and found that in the schemes had significantly reduced harmful pollutants and particulate matter. The study found these reductions were associated with fewer sick days, better mental health and financial savings.
When compared to areas in England without low emission zones, Greater London saw a 18.5% drop in sick leave and 10.2% fewer respiratory issues. It is estimated that this has resulted in an annual cost saving of £37 million to the public health sector.
University of Bath Professor Eleonora Fichera said: “These policies are not just environmental wins, they’re also reducing labour market absenteeism and improving Londoners’ life satisfaction. Clean air makes for healthier, happier, more productive communities.”
Lead researcher on the project, Dr Habtamu Beshir, added: “Our work shows that clean air policy is smart policy. It protects health, saves money, and enhances quality of life - making the case for clean air initiatives stronger than ever.”
The research found that in LEZ areas, NO2 levels dropped by 5.8% and PM10 fell by 9.7% after July 2008 – when phase 2 was introduced. ULEZ areas saw an even more significant drop in air pollution, with NO2 decreasing by 21% and PM10 shrinking by 15%.
Speaking on the figures, Fichera said: “With the World Health Organization estimating 4.2 million premature deaths globally each year due to air pollution, these findings signal the urgent need for similar transport policies in other major cities not just in the UK but around the world.”
